Glossary term

Incoterms

Definition

A set of standardized international trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce that define who is responsible for shipping, insurance, duties, and risk at each stage of a cross-border sale. B2B quotes for international buyers usually name a specific Incoterm to remove ambiguity about who pays for what.

Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) are a set of standardized trade rules published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) that define who is responsible for shipping, insurance, export and import duties, and the point at which risk passes from seller to buyer in a cross-border sale. Each term is a three-letter code, such as EXW, FOB, or DDP, followed by a named place. Naming the right Incoterm on a quote removes ambiguity about who pays for what and who bears the loss if goods are damaged in transit.

How it works

Every Incoterm assigns duties along the shipping journey. At one extreme, EXW (Ex Works) puts almost everything on the buyer: they collect the goods from the seller’s premises and handle all transport, export clearance, and import duties. At the other, DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) makes the seller responsible for delivering to the buyer’s door with all duties and taxes paid. Common middle-ground terms include FOB (Free On Board) and CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) for sea freight, and DAP (Delivered At Place). The ICC updates the rules periodically, with Incoterms 2020 being the current version.

Why it matters for B2B quotes

International buyers need to know their landed cost, not just the unit price. A quote that says “USD 12,000, DAP Rotterdam” tells the buyer exactly what is and is not included, so there are no surprise freight or customs bills later. Leaving the term off invites disputes and stalled deals.

On Shopify

Shopify checkout does not have a dedicated Incoterms field, so B2B sellers usually state the term in the quote line items, notes, or terms section before converting it to an order. If you build quotes in ShopQuotes, you can spell out the agreed Incoterm on the Live Quote page so it carries through to the draft order the buyer accepts and pays for. See the B2B quoting glossary for related terms like landed cost and net terms.

Frequently asked

What is the difference between EXW and DDP?

EXW puts nearly all cost and risk on the buyer, who collects the goods and handles all transport and customs. DDP is the opposite: the seller delivers to the buyer's location with all duties and taxes paid.

Which Incoterms version should I use?

Incoterms 2020 is the current edition. Reference the version explicitly on your quote (for example, "FOB Shanghai, Incoterms 2020") so both parties are working from the same rulebook.

Do I have to name an Incoterm on every international quote?

It is strongly recommended. Without one, buyer and seller can disagree about who pays freight, insurance, and import duties, which leads to disputes and delayed payment.

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