Glossary term

Air waybill (AWB)

Definition

A transport document issued for goods shipped by air that serves as a contract of carriage and a receipt, but not a document of title. It accompanies the shipment and carries a unique number for tracking.

An air waybill (AWB) is a transport document issued when goods move by air freight. It works as both a contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier and a receipt confirming the airline accepted the goods. Unlike a bill of lading in ocean freight, an AWB is not a document of title, so it does not represent ownership of the goods and cannot be traded or endorsed to transfer them.

How it works

Every AWB carries a unique 11-digit number. The first 3 digits are the airline prefix, and the rest identify the specific shipment. That number lets the shipper, consignee, and freight forwarder track the cargo across handoffs. A “master” AWB covers the movement between carriers, while a “house” AWB is issued by a forwarder to the individual shipper when cargo is consolidated with other shipments.

Why it matters

Because the AWB is non-negotiable, the airline releases goods to the named consignee without requiring the original paper document. That makes air shipments faster to clear than ocean freight, but it also means the consignee named on the AWB should be correct and payment terms should be settled separately. The AWB also sets out the carrier’s liability limits and the declared value of the goods.

Where it fits in B2B quoting

When a Shopify merchant quotes freight-inclusive pricing to a wholesale buyer, the AWB number becomes the reference the buyer uses to follow the shipment after they accept and pay. If you quote landed cost, remember the AWB terms (declared value, carrier liability) affect what happens if goods are lost or damaged in transit. You can spell out shipping method and incoterms on the quote itself so there are no surprises once the order converts. See the B2B quoting glossary for related terms like bill of lading and incoterms.

Frequently asked

Is an air waybill the same as a bill of lading?

No. Both are transport documents and receipts, but a bill of lading (used in ocean freight) can be a document of title that represents ownership. An AWB is non-negotiable and does not transfer title to the goods.

What is the difference between a master and a house air waybill?

A master AWB (MAWB) covers cargo moving between carriers and is issued by the airline. A house AWB (HAWB) is issued by a freight forwarder to an individual shipper when several shipments are consolidated under one master.

Do I need the original AWB to collect the goods?

Usually not. Because the AWB is non-negotiable, the carrier releases the cargo to the consignee named on the document without requiring the original paper copy, which is one reason air freight clears faster than ocean freight.

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